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|commander1= John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury |commander2= Jean Bureau |strength1=c. est. 6,000-10,000〔Wagner 2006, p. 79〕〔Seward 1978, p.260〕 |strength2=c. est. 7,000-10,000〔〔 |casualties1=4,000 dead, wounded, or captured |casualties2=100 dead or wounded }} The Battle of Castillon was fought on 17 July 1453 in Gascony near the town of Castillon-sur-Dordogne (later Castillon-la-Bataille). A decisive French victory, it is considered to mark the end of the Hundred Years' War. As a result of the battle, the English lost all landholdings in France, except Calais and the Channel Islands. ==Background== The term, "Hundred Years' War", is problematic as the fighting between the English and the French during the period of 1337 to 1453, more represents a series of conflicts than a prolonged war. Thus, the conflict(s) can be examined from the vantage point of various stages.〔Curry 1993, pp.151-55〕 The breakdown of the 1420 Treaty of Troyes began the final stage of the Hundred Years' War.〔Wagner 2006, p.127〕 This period from 1420 to 1453 is characterized by Anne Curry as the “wars of the Treaty of Troyes” for control of the crown of France.〔Curry 1993, p.155〕 After the 1451 French capture of Bordeaux by the armies of Charles VII, the Hundred Years' War appeared to be at an end. The English primarily focused on reinforcing their only remaining possession, Calais, and watching over the seas.〔Curry 1993, p.115〕 However, after three hundred years of English rule, the citizens of Bordeaux considered themselves subjects of the English monarch and sent messengers to Henry VI of England demanding that he recapture the province.〔Pollard 1983, p.135〕 On 17 October 1452, John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury landed near Bordeaux with a force of 3,000 men.〔Seward 1978, p.159〕 A feared and famous military leader, Talbot was rumored to be seventy-five or eighty years old, but it is more likely that he was around sixty-six at the time.〔Pollard 1983, p.1,〕 With the cooperation of the townspeople, Talbot easily took the city on October 23.〔Pollard 1983, p.136〕 The English subsequently took control over most of Western Gascony by the end of the year.〔 The French knew an expedition was coming, but had expected it to come through Normandy.〔 After this surprise, Charles VII prepared his forces over the winter, and by the spring of 1453 he was ready to counter-attack.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Castillon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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